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Quick history

When assimilating into a new culture it is worth studying the history so that you can understand the cultural references. Here is a brief overview of British history, giving you insight into a rich cultural heritage.
55BC

In 55 BC, Julius Caesar invaded Britain, marking the beginning of Roman attempts at conquest.

In 1066, the Norman Conquest marked the last successful foreign invasion of England, when William the Conqueror defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.

1066
1215

In 1215, the Magna Carta was signed by King John of England, limiting the monarchy's power and establishing key legal principles such as due process and the right to a fair trial

From 1337 to 1453, the Hundred Years' War was fought between England and France, ending with France's victory and the expulsion of English forces from most of France.

1337
-1453
1455
-1485

From 1455 to 1485, the War of the Roses was fought between the House of Lancaster (red rose) and the House of York (white rose). After winning, Henry VII reduced the power of the nobility to strengthen the monarchy.

From 1485 to 1603, the Tudor Dynasty ruled England, beginning with Henry VII after the War of the Roses, and ending with the death of Elizabeth I. This period saw significant political, religious, and cultural changes, including the establishment of the Church of England and the English Renaissance.

1485
-1603
1642
-1651

In 1215, the Magna Carta was signed by King John of England, limiting the monarchy's power and establishing key legal principles such as due process and the right to a fair trial

In 1679, the Habeas Corpus Act was signed into law, ensuring that no one could be imprisoned without being brought before a court to determine the lawfulness of their detention.

1679
1714

In 1714, George I became king of England after the death of Queen Anne, marking the start of the Hanoverian Dynasty.

From 1721 to 1742, Sir Robert Walpole served as the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, holding office for over two decades and effectively leading the government.

1721
-1742
1801

In 1801, the Act of Union united England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, creating a single political entity under one parliament.

From 1837 to 1901, Queen Victoria reigned over the United Kingdom for 64 years, overseeing a period of significant social, political, and industrial change known as the Victorian Era.

1837
–1901
1872

In 1872, the first tennis club was established in Leamington Spa.

In 1895, the National Trust was established by three volunteers to preserve historic sites, natural landscapes, and places of beauty for the public.

1895
1914
—1918

1914–1918: World War I lasted from 1914 to 1918, ending on 11th November 1918 with the signing of the Armistice, marking the defeat of Germany and the cessation of hostilities.

In 1948, the National Health Service (NHS) was established in the UK, providing free healthcare at the point of use to all residents, funded by taxation, and marking a major reform in public health.

1948
1949

In 1949, Ireland officially became a republic, severing its last constitutional links with the British Commonwealth and adopting the Republic of Ireland Act, becoming fully independent.

In 1969, the first flight of the Concorde, the supersonic passenger jet, took place. It began carrying passengers in 1976.

1969
1999

In 1999, the House of Lords Act was passed, removing the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, allowing only 92 to remain, who were elected by their fellow hereditary peers.

This is just a brief overview, we have in-depth teaching materials to help you pass the life in the UK test, to understand the culture, or just to be a useful member of a pub quiz team (it's a British thing).

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